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Home > Toward A New Aid Model
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Toward a New Aid Model
by Emmanuel Praise
In terms of trends in how aid is approached and organized, a partnership model focused on country ownership and performance based aid is becoming increasingly popular. It typically applies one or both of the following principles:
Country ownership, which requires that donors align their support with a strategy developed by recipients, moving away from intrusive policy conditionality. The March 2005 Paris Declaration embodies this principle.
Aid allocation based on country performance, which bases the level and modalities of aid on development achievements that recipients are expected to attain-including the quality of their governance and policies (including the management of financial resources)and interim indicators of future results.Within this emerging aid framework, the objective is to move aid commitments toward a contractual basis built on achieving development outcomes.
A remaining challenge is how best to balance aid allocation between rewarding and encouraging good performance and addressing urgent needs. The performance model risks focusing aid on a few countries that already perform well. A needs-based approach risks putting resources in poorly managed, inefficient, and possibly ineffective environments, and may undermine incentives for better performers. Fragile states-failed states or countries with very weak governance, where need is often greatest-clearly need aid, but require a different approach. The global community is still working to improve practices in this area.
The inter-agency Common Performance Assessment System, or COMPAS initiative is developing common systems that all multilateral development banks can use to monitor their results orientation. Its 2006 report found that: efforts to implement country strategies are still weak in some cases; that performance based grants are on the rise; that efforts to apply operational lessons of experience are not systematic enough and that multilateral development banks are starting to link salary increases of staff to the accomplishment of agreed objectives.
About the Author
emmapraise.blogspot.com,
nigeriasoccer.blogsanagement,merchandise,owne entreprenuership,investments, media and writing amongst others.Business URL: emmapraise.blogspot.com,
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Japan Shinto Shrine Gate - Small Wood Model Torii Tori
Description
Those who have visited Shinto (native religion of Japan) shrines in Japan may recall passing beneath one or more large gates (mon) at the entrance to the shrine complex. These distinctive structures are called torii in Japanese and are thought to mark the boundary between the secular world and the sanctified grounds of the shrine. In passing beneath a torii one is, in fact, making his or her initial approach towards the inner sanctuary, and accordingly many Japanese will first bow before stepping under the gate. Shinto shrines may include multiple gates, and paths within the shrine may be lined with dozens of closely set torii which together create the effect of a long, enclosed corridor. Believers may use their walk through such passages as an aid in helping to clear their mind of worldly distractions and in preparation for making an appearance before the enshrined deity. Torii gates are traditionally made of wood though it is not uncommon to see gates made of metal, concrete, stone or other durable material. Many wooden torii are unpainted and over time will take on a beautiful weathered appearance much in keeping with the shrine's natural-looking landscape. Torii are often produced using local timber and therefore shrines which are located in high mountain forests may feature torii constructed simply from a few rough cut conifers. Such torii blend in nicely with the surrounding forest and are emblematic of the Japanese love of nature. Though the torii has become a symbol of Japan as a country it is nevertheless a very unique and important part of the Shinto religious tradition.
About the Listed Item
Vintage small size model Shinto torii wooden shrine gate. This gate is less than 40 years old and in good condition though some of the pieces are loose and may come off when the gate is handled. The pieces may then easily be simply fitted into position again. The gate has marks and scratches from handling and wears a darkened patina of age. This torii is suitable for use with small kamidana god shelves or in any setting where one might wish to impart the spirit and essence of Japan.
Size:
Height: 3.8 inches (9.7 centimeters)
Width (at top): 4.2 inches (10.7 centimeters)
Width (at base): 3.1 inches (8.0 centimeters)
Weight: 1.1 ounces (32 grams)
More about the Shinto religion
Shinto is one of the two major religions of Japan (the other is Buddhism). Shinto is often considered to be the native religion of Japan, and is as old as Japan itself. The name Shinto means "the way of the gods." Shinto is a pantheistic religion, in which many thousands of major and minor gods are thought to exist. The Japanese have built thousands of shrines (jinja) throughout the country to honor and worship these gods. Some shrines are huge and are devoted to important deities. Other shrines are small and may be easily missed when strolling along roads in the countryside.
Shinto gods are called kami. Kami are thought to have influence on human affairs, and for this reason many Japanese make regular pilgrimage to community shrines in order to offer prayers to local kami. The act of prayer involves approaching the shrine structure, passing through the gate-like torii, cleansing the hands and mouth with water and possibly ascending stairs to the main entrance of the shrine. Usually without entering the shrine the worshipper will throw some coins into a stone or wooden collection box and then rattle the suzu bell which is at the top of a long hemp rope. The worshiper grabs hold of the rope and shakes it back and forth causing the copper bell at the top to rattle. This is thought to get the attention of the shrine god. The worshipper then bows twice, claps his or her hands twice and then bows again. In addition, the worshipper may clasp their hands together in silent prayer. Shintoism and Buddhism have managed to find a comfortable coexistence in Japan. Evidence of this harmonious relationship is found in the fact that that most Japanese are married in a Shinto shrine, but buried by a Buddhist priest.
item code: R1S5-0005582
category code: (toriimon)
ship code: L1650
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